What is Service Oriented Architecture

Understanding SOA starts with the basic question of what a service-oriented?  Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is an evolution which is a result of distributed computing that is based on the request and response mechanism for any type of applications. The applications may be synchronous and asynchronous applications. An application’s business logic is defined in modular form and is shown as services for client applications. These services are loosely coupled in nature this means that the service interface is independent of the implementation. Application developers have built these applications by composing one or more services. For example, a service can be implemented either in Microsoft .Net or JAVA J2EE, and the application using the service can be on a different language or platform.

Service-oriented architecture has the following key features:

• SOA services have interfaces that are self-describing platform-independent XML documents. The standard used to describe these services is Web Services Description Language.
• SOA services helps in communicating with messages formally. This is defined via XML Schema. Communication among clients and services happens in heterogeneous environments. Messages exchanged between services are the key business documents processed in an organization.
• SOA services are maintained in the organization with the help of a registry that helps in directory listing. Applications can access the services in the registry. This will result in invoking the service.
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  The standard used for service registry is UDDI (Universal Description, Definition, and Integration).

• SOA service has a quality of service that is linked with it. Some of the key elements are authorization; authentication and security requirements can invoke the services.

Why do we need SOA?

The reality in IT companies is that infrastructure is heterogeneous.

Many new business changes are applied from time to time.

SOA with its loosely coupled nature helps companies to plug in new services as per business requirements. These services can also be upgraded. This makes the services consumable across the various channels.

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